BMS architecture
A BMS is more than a protection board.
A complete BMS concept covers measurement, balancing, current sensing, thermal sensing, switching, fault response and telemetry.
Measurement
Cell voltage and pack current data decide when the system can charge, discharge or stop.
Protection
Voltage, current and temperature limits need clear hardware and firmware responses.
Diagnostics
CAN or UART telemetry turns a silent pack into a maintainable system.